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Such atoms

  • 1 Van der Waals aggregates or clusters of light atoms or molecules such as He or H2 have recently received an increased amount of attention due to the highly quantum nature of their constituents

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > Van der Waals aggregates or clusters of light atoms or molecules such as He or H2 have recently received an increased amount of attention due to the highly quantum nature of their constituents

  • 2 mole

    mole; mol
    The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12.
    Note.— When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles or specified groups of such particles.
    (AN 5)
    Koличeствo вeщeствa систeмы, сoдeржaщeй стoлькo жe структурных элeмeнтoв, скoлькo сoдeржится aтoмoв в углeрoдe-12 мaссoй 0,012 кг.
    Примечание. Koгдa примeняeтся мoль, нeoбхoдимo укaзaть вид структурных элeмeнтoв, кoтoрыми мoгут быть aтoмы, мoлeкулы, иoны, элeктрoны, другиe чaстицы или oпрeдeлённыe группы тaких чaстиц.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > mole

  • 3 mol

    mole; mol
    The amount of substance of a system which contains as many elementary entities as there are atoms in 0.012 kilogram of carbon-12.
    Note.— When the mole is used, the elementary entities must be specified and may be atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, other particles or specified groups of such particles.
    (AN 5)
    Koличeствo вeщeствa систeмы, сoдeржaщeй стoлькo жe структурных элeмeнтoв, скoлькo сoдeржится aтoмoв в углeрoдe-12 мaссoй 0,012 кг.
    Примечание. Koгдa примeняeтся мoль, нeoбхoдимo укaзaть вид структурных элeмeнтoв, кoтoрыми мoгут быть aтoмы, мoлeкулы, иoны, элeктрoны, другиe чaстицы или oпрeдeлённыe группы тaких чaстиц.

    International Civil Aviation Vocabulary (English-Russian) > mol

  • 4 tag

    I 1.
    [tæg]noun
    1) (label) Schild, das; (on clothes) Etikett, das; (on animal's ear) Ohrmarke, die
    2) (electronic device) (on person) elektronische Fessel; (on goods) Sicherungsetikett, das
    3) (loop) Schlaufe, die
    4) (stock phrase) Zitat, das; geflügeltes Wort
    2. transitive verb,
    - gg-
    1) (attach) anhängen (to an + Akk.)

    tag together — aneinander hängen; zusammenheften [Blätter]

    2) (with electronic device)

    tag something — etwas mit einem Sicherungsetikett versehen

    3. intransitive verb,
    - gg-

    tag behind — [nach]folgen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    - academic.ru/92424/tag_along">tag along
    II noun
    (game) Fangen, das
    * * *
    [tæɡ] 1. noun
    1) (a label: a price-tag; a name-tag.) das Etikett
    2) (a saying or quotation that is often repeated: a well-known Latin tag.) bekanntes Zitat
    3) (something small that is added on or attached: a question-tag such as `isn't it?') der Zusatz
    4) (a children's game in which one player chases the others and tries to touch one of them: to play tag.)
    2. verb
    (to put a tag or label on something: All the clothes have been tagged.) etikettieren,auszeichnen
    - tag along
    - tag on
    * * *
    [tæg]
    I. n
    1. (label) Schild[chen] nt; (of metal) Marke f; (on food, clothes) Etikett nt, Etikette f SCHWEIZ; (on suitcase) [Koffer]anhänger m; ( fam: epithet) Beiname m
    price \tag Preisschild nt
    2. (loop) Schlaufe f; (hanger) Aufhänger m
    3. AM (number-plate) Nummernschild nt
    4. (electronic device) for person elektronische Fessel; for thing Sicherungsetikett nt, elektronische Sicherung
    5. (phrase) Redensart f, geflügeltes Wort; LING Bestätigungszusatz m
    question \tag Bestätigungsfrage f, Refrainfrage f fachspr
    6. no pl (children's game) Fangen nt, Fangis nt SCHWEIZ fam
    to play \tag Fangen [o SCHWEIZ Fangis] spielen fam
    7. COMPUT (part of computer instruction) Tag nt
    8. COMPUT (identifying characters) Identifizierungskennzeichen nt
    II. vt
    <- gg->
    ▪ to \tag sth etw markieren [o kennzeichnen]
    ▪ to \tag sth on to sth etw an etw akk anhängen [o anfügen]
    to \tag cattle Vieh zeichnen
    to \tag goods Waren auszeichnen [o etikettieren]
    to \tag a suitcase einen Kofferanhänger [an einem Koffer] anbringen
    ▪ to \tag sb jdm eine elektronische Fessel anlegen
    ▪ to \tag sth etw mit einer elektronischen Sicherung versehen, ein Sicherungsetikett an etw akk anbringen
    3. ( fam: follow)
    ▪ to \tag sb/sth jdm/etw [dicht] hinterherlaufen [o fam hinterhertrotten] [o fam hinterherlatschen
    ▪ to \tag sth etw markieren [o fachspr taggen
    ▪ to \tag sb jdn berühren; (in children's game) jdn [fangen und] abschlagen
    * * *
    [tg]
    1. n
    1) (= label) Schild(chen) nt; (on clothes, with maker's name) Etikett nt; (with owner's name) Namensschild(chen) nt; (= loop) Aufhänger m; (= electronic tag) elektronische Markierung; (fig = description) Bezeichnung f

    the cattle had metal tags in their ears — die Rinder hatten Blechmarken in den Ohren

    2)
    See:
    = electronic tag
    3) (= hackneyed phrase) stehende Redensart
    4) (GRAM: question tag) Bestätigungsfrage f
    5) (= game) Fangen nt
    6)
    See:
    = tag wrestling
    2. vt
    1) specimen mit Schildchen versehen; cattle (mit Blechmarke) zeichnen; garment, goods etikettieren; (with price) auszeichnen; (with owner's name) (mit Namensschildchen) zeichnen; suitcase mit einem Anhänger versehen; offender (with electronic tag) mit einer elektronischen Markierung versehen; (fig = describe) bezeichnen
    2) (US MOT inf) einen Strafzettel verpassen (+dat)
    3. vi
    * * *
    tag1 [tæɡ]
    A s
    1. (loses) Ende, Anhängsel n, Zipfel m, Fetzen m, Lappen m
    2. Troddel f, Quaste f
    3. Etikett n, Anhänger m, Schildchen n, (Ab)Zeichen n, Plakette f
    4. (Stiefel) Schlaufe f, (Schnürsenkel) Stift m, Dorn m
    5. TECH
    a) Lötklemme f, -stift m
    b) Lötfahne f
    6. Angeln: Glitzerschmuck m (an der künstlichen Fliege)
    7. a) Schwanzspitze f (besonders eines Fuchses)
    b) Wollklunker f/m (des Schafes)
    8. LING Frageanhängsel n
    9. Refrain m, Kehrreim m
    10. a) Schlusswort n
    b) Pointe f
    c) Moral f
    11. stehende Redensart, bekanntes Zitat
    12. Bezeichnung f, Beiname m
    13. → ragtag A
    14. IT Tag n, Identifizierungskennzeichen n
    15. US Strafzettel m
    16. sl an eine Wand etc gespraytes persönliches Erkennungszeichen
    B v/t
    1. mit einem Anhänger oder Etikett etc versehen, etikettieren, Waren auszeichnen
    2. a) markieren:
    b) IT einen Text etc taggen
    3. eine Rede etc
    a) mit einem Schlusswort oder einer Moral versehen
    b) garnieren ( with mit)
    4. fig abstempeln (as als)
    5. anfügen, anhängen ( beide:
    to an akk)
    6. US
    a) jemandem einen Strafzettel ans Auto stecken
    b) umg jemanden anklagen ( for wegen)
    7. einem Schaf die Klunkerwolle abscheren
    8. umg hinter jemandem herlatschen
    9. sl sein Erkennungszeichen an eine Wand etc sprayen
    C v/i tag along umg
    a) dahinlatschen,
    b) mitkommen, -gehen ( beide:
    with mit),
    c) fig notgedrungen mitmachen:
    tag after ( oder behind) → B 8
    tag2 [tæɡ]
    A s Fangen n (ein Kinderspiel):
    B v/t fangen
    * * *
    I 1.
    [tæg]noun
    1) (label) Schild, das; (on clothes) Etikett, das; (on animal's ear) Ohrmarke, die
    2) (electronic device) (on person) elektronische Fessel; (on goods) Sicherungsetikett, das
    3) (loop) Schlaufe, die
    4) (stock phrase) Zitat, das; geflügeltes Wort
    2. transitive verb,
    - gg-
    1) (attach) anhängen (to an + Akk.)

    tag together — aneinander hängen; zusammenheften [Blätter]

    3. intransitive verb,
    - gg-

    tag behind — [nach]folgen

    Phrasal Verbs:
    II noun
    (game) Fangen, das
    * * *
    (label) n.
    Anhänger - (Marke) m. n.
    Kennzeichen n.
    Marke -n f. v.
    markieren v.

    English-german dictionary > tag

  • 5 Abel, John Jacob

    SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology
    [br]
    b. 19 May 1857 near Cleveland, Ohio, USA
    d. 26 May 1938 Baltimore, Maryland, USA
    [br]
    American pharmacologist and physiologist, proponent of the "artificial kidney" and the isolator of pure insulin.
    [br]
    Born of German immigrant farming stock, his early scientific education at the University of Michigan, where he graduated PhB in 1883, suffered from a financially dictated interregnum of three years. In 1884 he moved to Leipzig and worked under Ludwig, moving to Strasbourg where he obtained his MD in 1888. In 1891 he was able to return to the University of Michigan as Lecturer in Materia Medica and Therapeutics, and in 1893 he was offered the first Chair of Pharmacology at Johns Hopkins University, a position he occupied until 1932. He was a pioneer in emphasizing the importance of chemistry, in its widest sense, in medicine and physiology. In his view, "the investigator must associate himself with those who have laboured in fields where molecules and atoms rather than multi-cellular tissues or even unicellular organisms are the units of study".
    Soon after coming to Baltimore he commenced work on extracts from the adrenal medulla and in 1899 published his work on epinephrine. In later years he developed an "artificial kidney" which could be used to remove diffusible substances from the blood. In 1913 he was able to demonstrate the existence of free amino-acids in the blood and his investigations in this field foreshadowed not only the developments of blood and plasma transfusion but also the possibility of the management of renal failure.
    From 1917 to 1924 he moved to a study of the hormone content of pituitary extracts, but in 1924 he suddenly transferred his attention to the study of insulin. In 1925 he announced the discovery of pure crystalline hormone. This work at first failed to gain full acceptance, but as late as 1955 the full elucidation of the protein structure of insulin proved the final culmination of his studies.
    Abel's dedication to laboratory research and his disdain for matters of administration may explain the relative paucity of worldy honours awarded to such an outstanding figure.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS.
    Bibliography
    1913, "On the removal of diffusible substances from the circulating blood by means of dialysis", Transactions of the Association of American Physiologists.
    Further Reading
    1939, Obituary Notices, Fellows of the Royal Society, London: Royal Society.
    1946, Biographical Memoir: John Jacob Abel. 1857–1938, Washington, DC: National Academy of Sciences.
    MG

    Biographical history of technology > Abel, John Jacob

  • 6 Szilard, Leo

    SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour
    [br]
    b. 11 February 1898 Budapest, Hungary
    d. 30 May 1964 La Jolla, California, USA
    [br]
    Hungarian (naturalized American in 1943) nuclear-and biophysicist.
    [br]
    The son of an engineer, Szilard, after service in the Austro-Hungarian army during the First World War, studied electrical engineering at the University of Berlin. Obtaining his doctorate there in 1922, he joined the faculty and concentrated his studies on thermodynamics. He later began to develop an interest in nuclear physics, and in 1933, shortly after Hitler came to power, Szilard emigrated to Britain because of his Jewish heritage.
    In 1934 he conceived the idea of a nuclear chain reaction through the breakdown of beryllium into helium and took out a British patent on it, but later realized that this process would not work. In 1937 he moved to the USA and continued his research at the University of Columbia, and the following year Hahn and Meitner discovered nuclear fission with uranium; this gave Szilard the breakthrough he needed. In 1939 he realized that a nuclear chain reaction could be produced through nuclear fission and that a weapon with many times the destructive power of the conventional high-explosive bomb could be produced. Only too aware of the progress being made by German nuclear scientists, he believed that it was essential that the USA should create an atomic bomb before Hitler. Consequently he drafted a letter to President Roosevelt that summer and, with two fellow Hungarian émigrés, persuaded Albert Einstein to sign it. The result was the setting up of the Uranium Committee.
    It was not, however, until December 1941 that active steps began to be taken to produce such a weapon and it was a further nine months before the project was properly co-ordinated under the umbrella of the Manhattan Project. In the meantime, Szilard moved to join Enrico Fermi at the University of Chicago and it was here, at the end of 1942, in a squash court under the football stadium, that they successfully developed the world's first self-sustaining nuclear reactor. Szilard, who became an American citizen in 1943, continued to work on the Manhattan Project. In 1945, however, when the Western Allies began to believe that only the atomic bomb could bring the war against Japan to an end, Szilard and a number of other Manhattan Project scientists objected that it would be immoral to use it against populated targets.
    Although he would continue to campaign against nuclear warfare for the rest of his life, Szilard now abandoned nuclear research. In 1946 he became Professor of Biophysics at the University of Chicago and devoted himself to experimental work on bacterial mutations and biochemical mechanisms, as well as theoretical research on ageing and memory.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Atoms for Peace award 1959.
    Further Reading
    Kosta Tsipis, 1985, Understanding Nuclear Weapons, London: Wildwood House, pp. 16–19, 26, 28, 32 (a brief account of his work on the atomic bomb).
    A collection of his correspondence and memories was brought out by Spencer Weart and Gertrud W.Szilard in 1978.
    CM

    Biographical history of technology > Szilard, Leo

  • 7 Townes, Charles Hard

    [br]
    b. 28 July 1915 Greenville, South Carolina, USA
    [br]
    American physicist who developed the maser and contributed to the development of the laser.
    [br]
    Charles H.Townes entered Furman University, Greenville, at the early age of 16 and in 1935 obtained a BA in modern languages and a BS in physics. After a year of postgraduate study at Duke University, he received a master's degree in physics in 1936. He then went on to the California Institute of Technology, where he obtained a PhD in 1939. From 1939 to 1947 he worked at the Bell Telephone Laboratories, mainly on airborne radar, although he also did some work on radio astronomy. In 1948 he joined Columbia University as Associate Professor of Physics and in 1950 was appointed a full professor. He was Director of the University's Radiation Laboratory from 1950 to 1952, and from 1952 to 1955 he was Chairman of the Physics Department.
    To meet the need for an oscillator generating very short wavelength electromagnetic radiation, Townes in 1951 realized that use could be made of the different natural energy levels of atoms and molecules. The practical application of this idea was achieved in his laboratory in 1953 using ammonia gas to make the device known as a maser (an acronym of microwave amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). The maser was developed in the next few years and in 1958, in a joint paper with his brother-in-law Arthur L. Schawlow, Townes suggested the possibility of a further development into optical frequencies or an optical maser, later known as a laser (an acronym of light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation). Two years later the first such device was made by Theodore H. Maiman.
    In 1959 Townes was given leave from Columbia University to serve as Vice-President and Director of Research at the Institute for Defense Analyses until 1961. He was then appointed Provost and Professor of Physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In 1967 he became University Professor of Physics at the University of California, where he has extended his research interests in the field of microwave and infra-red astronomy. He is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American Astronomical Society.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Nobel Prize for Physics 1964. Foreign Member, Royal Society of London. President, American Physical Society 1967. Townes has received many awards from American and other scientific societies and institutions and honorary degrees from more than twenty universities.
    Bibliography
    Townes is the author of many scientific papers and, with Arthur L.Schawlow, of
    Microwave Spectroscopy (1955).
    1980, entry, McGraw-Hill Modern Scientists and Engineers, Part 3, New York, pp. 227– 8 (autobiography).
    1991, entry, The Nobel Century, London, p. 106 (autobiography).
    Further Reading
    T.Wasson (ed.), 1987, Nobel Prize Winners, New York, pp. 1,071–3 (contains a short biography).
    RTS

    Biographical history of technology > Townes, Charles Hard

  • 8 isomer

    1. изомер

     

    изомер
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    isomer
    1) Two or more compounds having the same molecular formula, but a different arrangement of atoms within the molecule. 2) One of two or more chemical substances having the same elementary percentage composition and molecular weight but differing in structure, and therefore in properties; there are many ways in which such structural differences occur. (Source: CED / MGH)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > isomer

  • 9 polychlorinated biphenyl

    1. полихлорированный бифенил

     

    полихлорированный бифенил
    —
    [ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    EN

    polychlorinated biphenyl
    PCBs are a family of chemical compounds which do not exist in nature but which are man-made. Commercial mixtures are clear, pale yellow liquids, manufactured by the replacement of hydrogen atoms on the biphenyl molecule by chlorine. Because of their physical properties, PCBs are commonly found in electrical equipment which requires dielectric fluid such as power transformers and capacitors, as well as in hydraulic machinery, vacuum pumps, compressors and heat-exchanger fluids. Other uses include: lubricants, fluorescent light ballasts, paints, glues, waxes, carbonless copy paper, inks including newspapers, dust-control agents for dirt roads, solvents for spreading insecticides, cutting oils. PCBs are stable compounds and although they are no longer manufactured they are extremely persistent and remain in huge quantities in the atmosphere and in landfill sites. They are not water-soluble and float on the surface of water where they are eaten by aquatic animals and so enter the food chain. PCBs are fat-soluble, and are therefore easy to take into the system, but difficult to excrete. (Source: PZ / PHC)
    [http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

    Тематики

    EN

    DE

    FR

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > polychlorinated biphenyl

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